Chinese Surname 曹 (Cáo): Meaning, History & Origin

Last updated August 13, 2026 · Hundred Family Surnames series

Pinyin: Cáo

Meaning: Official, class · Official

What does the surname 曹 mean?

The Chinese surname 曹 (Cáo) carries the meaning “Official, class”. In English it is commonly translated as “Official”. The character itself has been used as a family name for generations, and the meaning often reflects an occupation, a place, a title, or a symbolic object from early Chinese history.

History and origin

Immortalized by Cao Cao of Three Kingdoms. His son Cao Pi founded the Wei Dynasty. A name of strategy and ambition.

The recorded history associated with this surname spans roughly 3000 years, placing it among the long-established family names of Chinese civilization.

How common is the surname 曹?

Famous people and legacy

Historical records connected to this surname include 5 emperors and 18 generals. The legacy of the surname is not limited to titles: it appears in literature, folk tales, and family traditions passed down across generations.

Frequently asked questions

What does the Chinese surname 曹 (Cáo) mean?

The surname means “Official, class” in Chinese and is commonly translated into English as “Official”.

How many people have the surname 曹?

Estimates associate the surname with about 8M people in China. The exact figure changes with each census.

How old is the Chinese surname 曹?

The recorded history associated with this surname spans roughly 3000 years.

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