Chinese Surname 刘 (Liú): Meaning, History & Origin

Last updated August 13, 2026 · Hundred Family Surnames series

Pinyin: Liú

Meaning: Axe (ancient) · Axe

What does the surname 刘 mean?

The Chinese surname 刘 (Liú) carries the meaning “Axe (ancient)”. In English it is commonly translated as “Axe”. The character itself has been used as a family name for generations, and the meaning often reflects an occupation, a place, a title, or a symbolic object from early Chinese history.

History and origin

Founded the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), which gave China its majority ethnic identity. One of history's most prolific royal houses.

The recorded history associated with this surname spans roughly 3000 years, placing it among the long-established family names of Chinese civilization.

How common is the surname 刘?

Famous people and legacy

Historical records connected to this surname include 24 emperors and 40 generals. The legacy of the surname is not limited to titles: it appears in literature, folk tales, and family traditions passed down across generations.

Frequently asked questions

What does the Chinese surname 刘 (Liú) mean?

The surname means “Axe (ancient)” in Chinese and is commonly translated into English as “Axe”.

How many people have the surname 刘?

Estimates associate the surname with about 65M people in China. The exact figure changes with each census.

How old is the Chinese surname 刘?

The recorded history associated with this surname spans roughly 3000 years.

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